Learned Helplessness: The Effect of Failure on Test-Taking

Authors

Michael W. Firmin, Cedarville UniversityFollow
Chi-en Hwang, Cedarville UniversityFollow
Margaret Copella
Sarah Clark

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2004

Journal Title

Education

Volume

124

Issue

4

First Page

688

Last Page

693

Abstract

This study examined learned helplessness and its effect on test taking. Students were given one of two tests; the first began with extremely difficult questions and the other started with easy questions. We hypothesized that those who took the test beginning with difficult questions would become easily frustrated and possibly doubt their intellectual ability. This would result in the participants missing easy questions when compared to those who took the test which began with the easy questions. The result of the study confirmed our hypothesis. The results of this study could also be applied to other classroom tests and standardized tests where learned helplessness could negatively affect test scores.

Keywords

Helplessness (Psychology), School failure, Educational tests & measurements, Academic achievement, Rating of students

Recommended Citation

Firmin, M., Hwang, C., Copella, M., & Clark, S. (2004). Learned helplessness: The effect of failure on test-taking. Education, 124, 688-693.