Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1-2012
Journal Title
Journal of Dairy Science
ISSN
1525-3198
Volume
95
Issue
4
First Page
1699
Last Page
1708
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-5072
PubMed ID
22459818
Abstract
Increased levels of estrogen metabolites are believed to be associated with cancers of the reproductive system. One potential dietary source of these metabolites that is commonly consumed worldwide is milk. In North America, dairy cows are the most common source of milk; however, goats are the primary source of milk worldwide. In this study, the absolute concentrations of unconjugated and total (unconjugated plus conjugated) estrone (E(1)) and 17β-estradiol (E(2)) were compared in a variety of commercial cow milks (regular and organic) and goat milk. A lower combined concentration of E(1) and E(2) was found in goat milk than in any of the cow milk products tested. The differences in E(1) and E(2) levels between regular and organic cow milks were not as significant as the differences between goat milk and any of the cow milk products. Goat milk represents a better dietary choice for individuals concerned with limiting their estrogen intake.
Keywords
Cattle, estradiol, estrone, fats, food contamination, goats, milk, neoplasms, risk factors
Recommended Citation
Farlow, D. W.; Xu, X.; and Veenstra, T. D., "Comparison of Estrone and 17β-Estradiol Levels in Commercial Goat and Cow Milk" (2012). Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications. 204.
https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/pharmaceutical_sciences_publications/204
