Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications
Identification of JmjC Domain-Containing UTX and JMJD3 as Histone H3 Lysine 27 Demethylases
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-20-2007
Journal Title
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN
1091-6490
Volume
104
Issue
47
First Page
18439
Last Page
18444
DOI
10.1073/pnas.0707292104
PubMed ID
18003914
PubMed Central® ID
PMC2141795
Abstract
Covalent modifications of histones, such as acetylation and methylation, play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. Histone lysine methylation has been implicated in both gene activation and repression, depending on the specific lysine (K) residue that becomes methylated and the state of methylation (mono-, di-, or trimethylation). Methylation on K4, K9, and K36 of histone H3 has been shown to be reversible and can be removed by site-specific demethylases. However, the enzymes that antagonize methylation on K27 of histone H3 (H3K27), an epigenetic mark important for embryonic stem cell maintenance, Polycomb-mediated gene silencing, and X chromosome inactivation have been elusive. Here we show the JmjC domain-containing protein UTX (ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome), as well as the related JMJD3 (jumonji domain containing 3), specifically removes methyl marks on H3K27 in vitro. Further, the demethylase activity of UTX requires a catalytically active JmjC domain. Finally, overexpression of UTX and JMJD3 leads to reduced di- and trimethylation on H3K27 in cells, suggesting that UTX and JMJD3 may function as H3K27 demethylases in vivo. The identification of UTX and JMJD3 as H3K27-specific demethylases provides direct evidence to indicate that similar to methylation on K4, K9, and K36 of histone H3, methylation on H3K27 is also reversible and can be dynamically regulated by site-specific histone methyltransferases and demethylases.
Keywords
Catalysis, cell line, chlorocebus aethiops, gene expression regulation, enzymologic, histone demethylases, histones, humans, lysine, methylation, mutation, nuclear proteins, oxidoreductases, protein structure, tertiary, substrate specificity, transcriptional activation
Recommended Citation
Hong, Sunhwa; Cho, Young-Wook; Yu, Li-Rong; Yu, Hong; Veenstra, Timothy D.; and Ge, Kai, "Identification of JmjC Domain-Containing UTX and JMJD3 as Histone H3 Lysine 27 Demethylases" (2007). Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications. 339.
https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/pharmaceutical_sciences_publications/339
