Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

A Pipeline for Digital Restoration of Deteriorating Photographic Negatives

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-2015

Journal Title

International Journal on Digital Libraries

ISSN

1432-5012

Volume

16

Issue

1

First Page

79

Last Page

88

DOI

10.1007/s00799-014-0133-z

Abstract

Extending work presented at the second International Workshop on Historical Document Imaging and Processing, we demonstrate a digitization pipeline to capture and restore negatives in low-dynamic range file formats. The majority of early photographs were captured on acetate-based film. However, it has been determined that these negatives will deteriorate beyond repair even with proper conservation and no suitable restoration method is available without physically altering each negative. In this paper, we present an automatic method to remove various non-linear illumination distortions caused by deteriorating photographic support material. First, using a high-dynamic range structured-light scanning method, a 2D Gaussian model for light transmission is estimated for each pixel of the negative image. Estimated amplitude at each pixel provides an accurate model of light transmission, but also includes regions of lower transmission caused by damaged areas. Principal component analysis is then used to estimate the photometric error and effectively restore the original illumination information of the negative. A novel tone mapping approach is then used to produce the final restored image. Using both the shift in the Gaussian light stripes between pixels and their variations in standard deviation, a 3D surface estimate is calculated. Experiments of real historical negatives show promising results for widespread implementation in memory institutions.

Keywords

Historical documents, image restoration, photonegative digitization

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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