Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Bile Acid Signaling Pathways Increase Stability of Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP) by Inhibiting Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Degradation

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-15-2009

Journal Title

Genes & Development

ISSN

1549-5477

Volume

23

Issue

8

First Page

986

Last Page

996

DOI

10.1101/gad.1773909

PubMed ID

19390091

PubMed Central® ID

PMC2675865

Abstract

Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP) inhibits activities of numerous transcription factors involved in diverse biological pathways. As an important metabolic regulator, SHP plays a key role in maintaining cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis by inhibiting cholesterol conversion to bile acids. While SHP gene induction by increased bile acids is well established, whether SHP activity is also modulated remains unknown. Here, we report surprising findings that SHP is a rapidly degraded protein via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway and that bile acids or bile acid-induced intestinal fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) increases stability of hepatic SHP by inhibiting proteasomal degradation in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent manner. SHP was ubiquitinated at Lys122 and Lys123, and mutation of these sites altered its stability and repression activity. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed that upon bile acid treatment, SHP was phosphorylated at Ser26, within an ERK motif in SHP, and mutation of this site dramatically abolished SHP stability. Surprisingly, SHP stability was abnormally elevated in ob/ob mice and diet-induced obese mice. These results demonstrate an important role for regulation of SHP stability in bile acid signaling in normal conditions, and that abnormal stabilization of SHP may be associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes.

Keywords

Bile acids, salts, cell line, tumor, gastrointestinal agents, liver, lysine, mutation, phosphorylation, protein stability, receptors, ubiquitination

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